25-Explain the process of chemiosmosis IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Make sure to include and underline all of the following terms: electron carriers, electrons, electron transport chain, oxygen, hydrogen channels, intermembranous space, matrix, hydrogen concentration, active transport, facilitated diffusion, ATP synthase, ADP and phosphate.
Chemiosmosis occurs during the last step of cellular respiration which is the ETC and it ultimately results in the production of 32 ATP per molecule of glucose. Electrons that originate from the breakdown of glucose molecules during glycolysis, are carried by electron carriers into the electron transport chain, which is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Oxygen is required for this process as it is the ultimate electron acceptor. The electrons are taken by the oxygen atoms at the end of the ETC and together with hydrogen ions they combine and water is formed. Once the electrons arrive to the ETC, they travel from protein to protein, and as they do, a small amount of energy is released. That energy is used to actively transport positive hydrogen ions from the matrix into the intramembranous space through hydrogen channels. This process of active transport results in a really high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembranous space. Once that concentartion gradient has been built, the hydrogen ions now start to travel from the intermembranous space (where they are highly concentrated) back to the matrix (low concentration) through a protein in the membrane called ATP synthase in a process known as facilitated diffusion. As the hydrogen ions diffuse through the ATP synthase, energy is used to bond ADP and single phosphates to make ATP.
Chemiosmosis occurs during the last step of cellular respiration which is the ETC and it ultimately results in the production of 32 ATP per molecule of glucose. Electrons that originate from the breakdown of glucose molecules during glycolysis, are carried by electron carriers into the electron transport chain, which is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Oxygen is required for this process as it is the ultimate electron acceptor. The electrons are taken by the oxygen atoms at the end of the ETC and together with hydrogen ions they combine and water is formed. Once the electrons arrive to the ETC, they travel from protein to protein, and as they do, a small amount of energy is released. That energy is used to actively transport positive hydrogen ions from the matrix into the intramembranous space through hydrogen channels. This process of active transport results in a really high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembranous space. Once that concentartion gradient has been built, the hydrogen ions now start to travel from the intermembranous space (where they are highly concentrated) back to the matrix (low concentration) through a protein in the membrane called ATP synthase in a process known as facilitated diffusion. As the hydrogen ions diffuse through the ATP synthase, energy is used to bond ADP and single phosphates to make ATP.